浮动静态路由(浮动静态路由是如何实现的)

小编：小蝶更新时间：2022-04-26

浮动静态路由

浮动静态路由是一种特殊的静态路由，通过配置一个比主路由的管理距离更大的静态路由，保证网络中主路由失效的情况下，提供备份路由。但在主路由存在的情况下备份路由不会出现在路由表中。

拓扑图

VPC1和VPC2通信，默认走上面R2---R1---R3---PC2路由，如果R1挂掉或者端口down，会自动切换到下面R2---R4---R3路由。

配置名称和IP地址

Router>en Router#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)#hostname R1 R1(config)#interface ethernet 0/0 R1(config-if)#ip add 12.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 R1(config-if)#no shut R1(config)#interface ethernet 0/1 R1(config-if)#ip add 13.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 R1(config-if)#no shu R1#show ip interface bri Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol Ethernet0/0 12.1.1.1 YES manual up up Ethernet0/1 13.1.1.1 YES manual up up Ethernet0/2 unassigned YES manual administratively down down Ethernet0/3 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down down R1#

Router>en Router#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)#hostname R2 R2(config)#interface ethernet 0/1 R2(config-if)#ip add 12.1.1.2 255.255.255.0 R2(config-if)#no shut R2(config)#interface e R2(config)#interface ethernet 0/2 R2(config-if)#ip add 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0 R2(config-if)#no shut R2(config)#interface ethernet 0/0 R2(config-if)#ip add 24.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 R2(config-if)#no shut R2#show ip interface brief Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol Ethernet0/0 24.1.1.1 YES manual up up Ethernet0/1 12.1.1.2 YES manual up up Ethernet0/2 172.16.1.1 YES manual up up Ethernet0/3 unassigned YES unset administratively down down R2#

Router#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)#hostname R3 R3(config)#interface ethernet 0/0 R3(config-if)#ip add 13.1.1.3 255.255.255.0 R3(config-if)#no shu R3(config)#interface *Jul 8 23:17:56.567: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Ethernet0/0, changed state to up *Jul 8 23:17:57.576: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Ethernet0/0, chan ged state to up R3(config)#interface ethernet 0/1 R3(config-if)#ip add 34.1.1.3 255.255.255.0 R3(config-if)#no shut R3(config)#interface ethernet 0/2 R3(config-if)#ip add 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.0 R3(config-if)#no shut R3(config-if)#en *Jul 8 23:19:13.080: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Ethernet0/2, changed state to up *Jul 8 23:19:14.080: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Ethernet0/2, chan ged state to up R3(config-if)#end R3# *Jul 8 23:19:15.186: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console R3#show ip interface brief Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol Ethernet0/0 13.1.1.3 YES manual up up Ethernet0/1 34.1.1.3 YES manual up up Ethernet0/2 172.16.2.1 YES manual up up Ethernet0/3 unassigned YES unset administratively down down R3#

Router>en Router#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)#hostname R4 R4(config)#interface ethernet 0/0 R4(config-if)#ip add 24.1.1.4 255.255.255.0 R4(config-if)#no shu R4(config)#interface ethernet 0/1 R4(config-if)#ip address 34.1.1.4 255.255.255.0 R4(config-if)#no shut R4#show ip interface brief Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol Ethernet0/0 24.1.1.4 YES manual up up Ethernet0/1 34.1.1.4 YES manual up up Ethernet0/2 unassigned YES unset administratively down down Ethernet0/3 unassigned YES unset administratively down down Ethernet1/0 unassigned YES unset administratively down down Ethernet1/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down Ethernet1/2 unassigned YES unset administratively down down Ethernet1/3 unassigned YES unset administratively down down R4#

VPC1

VPCS> set pcname VPC1 VPC1> ip 172.16.1.2/24 172.16.1.1 Checking for duplicate address... PC1 : 172.16.1.2 255.255.255.0 gateway 172.16.1.1 VPC1> ping 172.16.1.1 172.16.1.1 icmp_seq=1 timeout 84 bytes from 172.16.1.1 icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=0.532 ms 84 bytes from 172.16.1.1 icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=0.447 ms 84 bytes from 172.16.1.1 icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=0.386 ms 84 bytes from 172.16.1.1 icmp_seq=5 ttl=255 time=0.470 ms VPC1>

VPC2

VPCS> set pcname VPC2 VPC2> ip 172.16.2.2/24 172.16.2.1 Checking for duplicate address... PC1 : 172.16.2.2 255.255.255.0 gateway 172.16.2.1 VPC2> ping 172.16.2.1 84 bytes from 172.16.2.1 icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=0.305 ms 84 bytes from 172.16.2.1 icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=0.887 ms 84 bytes from 172.16.2.1 icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=0.548 ms 84 bytes from 172.16.2.1 icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=0.600 ms 84 bytes from 172.16.2.1 icmp_seq=5 ttl=255 time=0.503 ms VPC2>

配置完IP地址，最好互相ping下直接路由，避免是因为IP地址产生的问题。

配置静态路由和浮动静态路由

R1(config)#ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 ethernet 0/0 12.1.1.2 R1(config)#ip route 172.16.2.0 255.255.255.0 ethernet 0/1 13.1.1.3 R1(config)# R1#show ip route Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP + - replicated route, % - next hop override Gateway of last resort is not set 12.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks C 12.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0 L 12.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0 13.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks C 13.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1 L 13.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1 172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets S 172.16.1.0 [1/0] via 12.1.1.2, Ethernet0/0 S 172.16.2.0 [1/0] via 13.1.1.3, Ethernet0/1 R1#

R2(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 ethernet 0/1 12.1.1.1 R2(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 ethernet 0/0 24.1.1.4 ? <1-255> Distance metric for this route multicast multicast route name Specify name of the next hop permanent permanent route tag Set tag for this route track Install route depending on tracked item R2(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 ethernet 0/0 24.1.1.4 10 R2#show ip route Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP + - replicated route, % - next hop override Gateway of last resort is 12.1.1.1 to network 0.0.0.0 S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 12.1.1.1, Ethernet0/1 12.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks C 12.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1 L 12.1.1.2/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1 24.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks C 24.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0 L 24.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0 172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks C 172.16.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/2 L 172.16.1.1/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/2 R2# #参数10这个取值范围为1-255之间，

R3(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 ethernet 0/0 13.1.1.1 R3(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 ethernet 0/1 34.1.1.4 10 R3#show ip route Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP + - replicated route, % - next hop override Gateway of last resort is 13.1.1.1 to network 0.0.0.0 S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 13.1.1.1, Ethernet0/0 13.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks C 13.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0 L 13.1.1.3/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0 34.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks C 34.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1 L 34.1.1.3/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1 172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks C 172.16.2.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/2 L 172.16.2.1/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/2 R3#

R4(config)#ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 ethernet 0/0 24.1.1.2 R4(config)#ip route 172.16.2.0 255.255.255.0 ethernet 0/1 34.1.1.3 R4#show ip route Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP + - replicated route, % - next hop override Gateway of last resort is not set 24.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks C 24.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0 L 24.1.1.4/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0 34.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks C 34.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1 L 34.1.1.4/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1 172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets S 172.16.1.0 [1/0] via 24.1.1.2, Ethernet0/0 S 172.16.2.0 [1/0] via 34.1.1.3, Ethernet0/1 R4#